Bug/Defect:

Discrepancies between the expected result and actual result called a defect or A software bug is an error or fault that leads to an system or software program behave incorrectly or unexpectedly.

How to report a Bug:

Reporting a bug is primary task for a tester. When reporting the bug tester should take care of every necessary information about the bug to replicate it.

Recommendation:-

• A bug should be clear and concise
• It should be accurate
• A tester should explain how to reproduce the issue and it should be step by step so that anybody can reproduce it.
• Bug should be well written 
• Tester should include only one problem per bug 

There are some important fields or information in a bug:

•  Bug id
•  Bug title
•  Bug summary
•  Steps to Reproduce
•  Expected Result
•  Actual Result
•  Screenshots if required
•  Environment
•  Browsers
•  Mobile devices if required
•  Credentials if required
•  Priority and severity

Example:-

Let Suppose there is a UI issue on  the website(findnerd.com)

Bug id:- generated by bug reporting tool

Bug Title:- Close icons for tag links are not aligned on node listing page

Bug Description:- Close icons for tag links are not aligned in listing page for logged out and logged in user

Steps:- 

1. Launch the application(findnerd.com)
2. Navigate to Node listing page
3. Select the multiple tag links from right rails
4. Now notice the close icon in front of selected tag name

Expected Result:- Close icons for tag links should be aligned 

Actual Result:- Close icons for tag links are not aligned on node listing page

Refer the Screenshots:- Close_icon_alignment issue.png

Environment:- Test(stag) server, Production

Browsers:- All desktop browsers